Iraqi oil fields once alive with the buzz of workers are nearly deserted. Ports that pulsed with the churn of cargo have fallen still, the din of commerce replaced by the soft rhythm of waves.
A month after the war in Iran started, workers at ports and oil fields in the province of Basra, where almost all of Iraq’s crude is produced and exported, have grown accustomed to rockets streaking across the sky, aimed at US air bases and other strategic facilities.
The war, which began with US-Israeli strikes, is dealing a heavy blow to Iraq’s economy. Iraq relies on oil revenues for roughly 90% of its budget, and most of its oil is exported through the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow mouth of the Persian Gulf where Iran has effectively stopped cargo traffic during the conflict. The war also has led to a sharp reduction in the volume of imported goods reaching southern Iraq’s ports, while attacks have halted traffic at the border it shares with Iran.
Unlike other countries in the Middle East touched by the war, Iraq hosts both entrenched Iran-aligned forces and significant US interests, leaving it exposed to attacks from both sides.
Since the war started, oil production in southern Iraq, where Basra is located, has fallen by more than 70% and the volume of imported goods reaching the country’s ports has been cut in half. Drone and missile attacks have targeted American companies and military bases. Iran’s allied Iraqi militias also have struck oil fields and energy infrastructure. Many foreign workers have left.
The Iraqi government should have enough funds to get through mid-May without new oil sales, according to experts, but then it will have to borrow money.
“After that, the government would resort to issuing bonds,” said Ahmed Tabaqchali, an expert in Iraq’s economy. “But not without consequences.”
Across southern Iraq, the closure of the Strait of Hormuz has prompted oil fields to scale back production and focus on domestic needs, while oil prices around the globe have risen. Basra’s Zubair oil field, once producing around 400,000 barrels per day, has seen output drop to roughly 250,000, officials said.
Iran has offered assurances that Iraqi crude can safely transit the strait, said Bassem Abdul Karim, the head of the state-run Basra Oil Company, which oversees production in the province. However, because Iraq lacks its own tanker fleet and depends on chartered vessels, shipments ultimately hinge on whether tanker owners are willing to accept the heightened risks of making the journey. Most are not.
At a degassing station in Zubair, where crude is processed, production has also slowed dramatically. “It’s quiet now because of the reductions,” said chief engineer Ammar Hashim. “Of course we are worried.”
The downturn in Zubair reflects a broader decline in Basra. Output has dropped from 3.1 million barrels per day to roughly 900,000 across the province, according to Abdul Karim.
“Exports are currently completely halted. At the moment, we are considering alternative loading areas, but none are fully operational,” he told AP.
